Histoire
Pharaoh (Paroh) פרעה
'Pharaoh' is the title of the kings of Egypt.
Fix / add information'Pharaoh' is the title of the kings of Egypt. Several appear in the Torah; the best known is the one who enslaved the Jews and suffered the ten plagues.
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'Pharaoh' is the title of Egypt's kings, not a personal name. The Torah mentions several:
- The Pharaoh in Avraham's time, who took Sarah and was struck with plagues (Bereishis 12:10–20).
- Yosef's Pharaoh, whose dreams Yosef interpreted and who made him viceroy (Bereishis 41).
- The Pharaoh of the bondage: 'a new king arose over Egypt who did not know Yosef' (Shemos 1:8). He enslaved the Jews and ordered the boys thrown into the river (1:22).
Moshe came to him with 'Let My people go', and Pharaoh refused. Hashem sent the ten plagues and 'hardened Pharaoh's heart' (Shemos 7:3). After the plague of the firstborn he let the Jews go, then chased them; his army drowned in the Yam Suf (Shemos 14).
Disputed or unverified
Whether the 'new king' was truly new or the same king making new decrees is a dispute between Rav and Shmuel (Sotah 11a).
Whether Pharaoh himself drowned: according to Pirkei d'Rabbi Eliezer (ch. 43) he survived and later became king of Nineveh; other midrashim differ.
Sources
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Last reviewed: 21 octobre 2026. Une erreur ? Faites-le nous savoir.
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