Histoire

Iyov (Job) איוב

Iyov was a tzadik from the land of Utz who lost his wealth, children and health; Sefer Iyov wrestles with why the righteous suffer.

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Iyov of the land of Utz was 'wholesome and upright, fearing G-d and shunning evil', and very wealthy (Iyov 1:1–3). The Satan claimed he served Hashem only because he had everything, and Iyov lost his wealth, children and health. He said: 'Hashem gave and Hashem took; blessed be the name of Hashem' (1:21).

His friends Elifaz, Bildad and Tzofar came to comfort him, and the book is a long debate over why he suffers. In the end Hashem answers from the storm (ch. 38), and Iyov receives back double what he had (42:10).

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Disputed or unverified

When Iyov lived, or whether he existed at all, is disputed in the Gemara; one view says 'Iyov never existed; it is a parable', while others place him in various generations (Bava Basra 15a–b).